The avian influenza epidemic that erupted six months ago is the worst ever to hit the U.S. poultry industry. The USDA's running tally climbed to 181 confirmed poultry cases with 41 milllion fowl, mostly chickens and turkeys, lost to disease or euthanized to prevent its spread. Harvest Public Media says the epidemic is bigger still, because of the way the USDA keeps its totals - the running tally counts "only those birds that are involved in food production. Left out are wild birds, which officials blame for the start and the spread of the outbreak."

On the central California coast, cattle ranches are withering. "Roughly 75 percent of the cattle in San Luis Obispo County have been sold or taken out of state over the last four years to escape conditions in the most drought-stricken region in California," says the Los Angeles Times. San Luis Obispo County, midway between Los Angeles and San Francisco, also is home to the Hearst Castle, near San Simeon. For decades, ranching was well-suited to the county's rolling and wooded hills. Rainfall was only a quarter of the usual 10 inches last year. Grassland is turning into bare ground.

The Obama administration released a five-year "national action plan" to combat antibiotic-resistant bacteria. In a blog, the secretaries of Health, Agriculture and Defense say it is "a whole-of-government approach" built around slowing the spread of resistant bacteria; better surveillance to detect resistant bacteria; development of rapid tests to guide treatment of infections; more research into new antibiotics and alternative treatments; and expanded international health work.

California's farmers will have less irrigation water and will idle more cropland this year than they did last year, says a study by UC-Davis. It estimates direct agricultural losses of $1.8 billion, comprised of $1.2 billion in lower crop, livestock and dairy revenue and $600 million in higher costs to pump water from wells. "When we account for the spillover effect of agriculture on the state’s other economic sectors, the total cost of this year’s drought on California’s economy is $2.7 billion and the loss of about 18,600 full- and part-time jobs," say the authors.

Security rules against the spread of avian influenza are being applied unevenly or not followed at several farms in Iowa, the state hit hardest by the avian influenza epidemic, "potentially increasing the risks that the disease could spread further," says Reuters. It reports that at half of six poultry farms that a reporter visited, operations did not comply with USDA or state protocols to restrict access to farms, to provide protective gear to workers, and to clean the wheels of vehicles leaving the farm.

The Senate Agriculture Committee approved by voice vote a bill that obliges the USDA to minimize any disruption in federal inspection of grain for export, a vital step before U.S. grain can be loaded on cargo vessels. The legislation is a response to last summer's labor dispute that led to a month-long lapse in inspection at Vancouver, Washington. The House Agriculture Committee included similar language a month ago in its bill to reauthorize the Grain Standards Act.

After a landslide 38-6 vote in committee, Agriculture chairman Michael Conaway said the House might vote in early June on legislation to repeal mandatory country-of-origin labels (COOL) for beef, pork and chicken. The Agriculture Committee voted for repeal two days after the WTO ruled the labeling system is a barrier to livestock imports. COOL has been mandatory for U.S. meat since 2008.

Seventeen lawmakers signed as co-sponsors to the Pompeo-Butterfield bill in the House to pre-empt state labeling of foods made with genetically modified organisms. Rep. Mike Pompeo, a Kansas Republican, told reporters he's spent a lot of time talking to senators about the legislation, a broader-reaching bill than his 2014 version. "We just have to find the right path forward," he said, which means finding well-positioned sponsors who could help steer the bill through committee approval to a floor vote.

Growers across the country face tighter margins due to the combination of high production costs and sharply lower commodity prices, a panel of farmers told a House Agriculture subcommittee. They asked for action against farm subsidies overseas and for continued federal support at home. "For many Texas producers, there is no room for error" this year, said Steve Verrett, a cotton grower and executive vice president of Plains Cotton Growers in Lubbock, Texas.