This little piggy went to market … and everything changed
A former contract hog farmer reflects on what industrial production has done to his rural Arkansas community
Arkansas Highway 155 branches of Arkansas 7 just south of Dardanelle. The flat two-lane features a couple of curves and long, straight stretches with cattle pasture and cropland on both sides. Just a couple of miles east of the intersection sits Balloun Farms. If the wind is right and your windows are down, you’ll instantly know that Balloun Farms grows hogs, even though you can’t see a hog anywhere. There’s no mistaking the distinct odor of hogs.
I couldn’t have been more than 5 or 6 years old when I first encountered that salty, earthy, slightly sour smell. It wasn’t unpleasant or overpowering—in fact, it was slightly reminiscent of bacon—as it filtered through the leafy hardwood hollow on my uncle’s land in Bass, Arkansas, a minuscule community outside of tiny Mount Judea. I saw and heard the pigs shortly after smelling them. Soft grunts emanated from curious flexing snouts poking through wood slats of what was even then an old fence. I can’t remember exactly how many pigs Uncle Ferris had, but it was likely a handful of sows and one boar. Pigs were only part of his farm, a small but reliable stream of revenue to supplement his main income from cattle.
The pungent power of swine in multitude is the only clue that there are pigs at Balloun Farms, though. From Arkansas 155’s asphalt, the farm’s long metal barns look like windowless warehouses. Surrounded by equipment and set on a vibrant green and neatly clipped lawn, the buildings look like something you’d find in an industrial park, not like a farm at all, save the tractors. Occasionally, you’ll hear a pig squeal from behind the climate-controlled curtains that block the sunshine. And during the calm of twilight, as breezes die on the riverbottom, you can sometimes hear grunting from the 2,450 sows, five boars and thousands of piglets that live inside. But you won’t see hide nor hair of anything porcine. To call Balloun Farms a “farm” in the same sense as my uncle’s farm seems a stretch. But Balloun represents a form of animal agriculture in Arkansas that has nearly replaced the old ways.
“It smells like money.”
Hang around enough pig farmers for enough time, and you’re guaranteed to hear that phrase. There’s a bit of self-deprecating awareness about the stink inherent to the job in those words, but there’s also economic truth. Before corporations became involved in pork production in the ’70s, pigs were often called “mortgage lifters” because of their quick turnaround and low cost of production. Pork was also a self-regulating market. An astute farmer could flip hogs quickly—when prices were up, they would jump into hogs, and when prices were down, they got out. This free-market regulation kept the price at a point at which, generally speaking, the farmers would be paid fairly for their labor and the product.
But the pork industry changed dramatically with the advent of industrial pig farms. Corporations with deep pockets eliminated competition by keeping the cost of the product well below the cost of production over an extended period of time. For small producers who raised hogs only when the market was favorable, that meant no jumping back in. It drove them out of the pig business for good.
The change in animal agriculture practices began right here in Arkansas with Tyson Foods’ first chicken houses in the ’50s. Pigs were added to the model twenty years later, and pig houses became the norm through the ’80s and ’90s. You can see this on the national level. The average number of hogs sold or removed per farm swelled from 945 head in 1992 to 8,389 head in 2009, while the number of hogs produced under contract grew from 5 percent to 71 percent in the same period. Numbers specific to Arkansas are more difficult to come by. There are some 90 industrial hog farms, according to the Arkansas Department of Environmental Quality’s list of Regulation 5 permit holders. Reg 5, as it’s known, is the required permit for liquid-animal-waste facilities, though at least one industrial hog farm, C&H in Newton County, has been operating under a different permit. That’s a situation now under intense scrutiny by the ADEQ. Of course, it’s only been in the past few years that I learned about this timeline and dramatic change—long after I had owned an industrial hog farm of my own.
My next interaction with hogs came nearly two decades later, on another uncle’s operation contracted through Tyson Pork, a division of Tyson Foods. The farm sat just off Rock Hollow Road near Hector, Arkansas, in northern Pope County. Jimmy Morris wasn’t really my uncle anymore. He and my aunt had divorced a long time ago, but their only son—Robert, my first cousin—was like a brother, and Jimmy tolerated me. So I tagged along to help with Robert’s chores on the weekends on his dad’s farrowing operation. It was there that Robert and I hatched a plan to build our own barns. I wasn’t sure how, and I wasn’t sure when, but I was going to own a hog farm like this.
Through my early 20s, in the first years of my marriage, I worked toward this goal with a very understanding wife. Coming from a rural background, there was a sense of honor, a gritty salt-of-the-earth mystique, attached to being a farmer. I liked working with animals, and I liked even more being my own boss and not having to deal with people. But above all else, I was young and poor and wanted land. Owning a farm was the only way I could see to make this happen.
During my 26th summer, July 1997, it all came together. A real-estate friend (and former employee of Cargill Pork) who specialized in selling industrial farms and acreage found an unfortunate fellow going bankrupt on a Cargill-contracted pig factory that nobody wanted. The lien holder was antsy, but with no other offers on the table, a 90-percent guarantee from the federal government, along with our can-do attitude and just the right amount of naiveté, was good enough. My wife and I took over the $300,000 debt on a hilltop 55 acres, complete with a singlewide mobile home and a 400-foot barn designed to house 2,100 hogs. I raised hogs under a group-to-group contract for Cargill Pork for four years as a Pork 3 operation in Cargill’s “Pork 123” program. Pork 1 was a farrowing unit. This was where sows were bred and pigs were born. Pork 2 was the nursery sites. At three weeks, the pigs were shipped to these nurseries, where they would spend 12 to 13 weeks before being trucked to operations like mine, the last stop before a trip to the slaughter/packing house owned by Cargill. My pigs arrived at 60 pounds and stayed for about three months, when they averaged 280 pounds. They weren’t my pigs, though. They were Cargill’s pigs. I supplied the building, the utilities, the disposal of manure and carcasses, and the labor. Cargill supplied the pigs, feed and veterinary services. I never owned a pig.
My operation also included four waste ponds. A flush system “cleaned” the barn with a stream of water from these ponds, which was pumped to holding tanks and then released about every hour. After washing through a trough down the length of the barn, the wastewater flowed back out to the ponds, where the mixture of feces, urine and water was stored until we spread it on hayfields during the growing season. The ponds smelled as bad as you imagine and were a constant source of stress. I was always worried about them being too full (growers were fined by the ADEQ for storage above regulated limits) or too empty (not enough water to flush the barn).
Not long after we closed on the barn and acreage, I learned that other folks were concerned about the animal waste on my operation as well. An upwelling of opposition to our industry was happening right in Pope County—state headquarters for both Cargill Pork and the organization I learned was defending us, the Arkansas Pork Producers Association (APPA).
I first met Jerry Masters, president of the APPA, a couple months after contracting with Cargill. I was a member, and Jerry had called on all members to attend an ADEQ public hearing at the old junior high school building in Russellville. There was concern among some “extreme environmentalists” that spreading nutrient-rich manure onto hay fields might lead to, or was already causing, problems in our waterways. My wife and I talked with Jerry before the hearing. We were shocked to learn that anyone thought we would purposely harm the environment. I was a hunter and angler. I treasured my land for its deer and wild turkey, for McCoy Creek running just across the fence on a friendly neighbor’s land. We would never do anything to damage the natural beauty surrounding our home. Jerry encouraged my wife, Christine, and I as young farmers to speak up, but we shied away from the offer. Jerry took the podium early on. His speech was rousing. He spoke of young farmers like us and had us stand up for recognition amid some applause. He spoke of feeding the world and old-fashioned family values. Inspired by Jerry and indignant that anyone would color her husband as an irresponsible polluter, even with the broadest of strokes, my wife decided to stand at the microphone and speak the righteous truth as we knew it at the time. I was so proud of her.
Four years later, on Oct. 11, 2001, a thunderstorm generating powerful straight-line winds blew my barn down. Incredibly, not one pig was killed or hurt. Cargill offered another contract if I chose to rebuild, but my perspective had changed over those years, and I already had the land. Going into debt for another $400,000—the cost of the new barn I’d be building—and smelling like pigs every day for what I now knew was low pay and high stress had lost its appeal. At the time, I hadn’t yet considered the cost of an industrial farm outside of my own financial interest. And there’s a whole lot of that other cost that I never considered—not until years later when I read about what two British economists had coined “externalities.” Externalities are the price of doing business paid by those not in the business, who don’t have a choice or a voice in the matter. Industrialized farming is rife with externalities. Air and water pollution are obvious externalities, while the erosion of public health, rural economies and communities extract a less conspicuous cost. I’ve learned this as I’ve unraveled its complexities and gazed back on what I thought I wanted from a distance of 20 years. That decision not to rebuild was one of the best of my life.
Not that long ago, every pig farmer in Arkansas was truly independent. Hogs, with their fantastic fecundity, fast growth rates, and opportunistic feeding habits, were perfect protein sources for the sustenance farmers who once populated the Ozark region. Turn the hogs loose, and they’d fatten up on their own. After the mast crop of acorns and chinquapins were gone from the forest floor, it was time for butchering. It was a social affair for many, a chance to build community bonds through sale, barter and sometimes the gift of meat. Early markets for hogs were local, and that market helped support other industries, such as feed-and-supply stores and meatpackers. With the advent of grocery stores, a national and then global market, that local market withered. But there are flickers of life here in north Arkansas.
A bright limestone-gravel road straightens the curve off Arkansas Highway 392 near Batavia and takes me across two low-water bridges before turning onto Carol and Sean Bansley’s driveway. The Bansleys have lived on their secluded 300 acres for three years, but their pasture-pig operation began in Iowa in 2009. They started the business after Sean had worked on an industrial pig operation for a few years. A more even-keeled climate and better scenery spurred the move to Arkansas. As I round a gentle curve and the couple’s home comes into view, a herd of low-slung black bodies gallops away from the fence. That rich and unique scent of pig greets me as I exit the truck.
It’s 9 a.m. Sean is walking out to meet me, and he’s clean as a whistle. He hasn’t touched a pig (I’ll soon learn that Sean considers touching the pigs part of his duties) or a feed bucket yet. This seems weird for a farmer, but the Bansleys don’t ever start chores until around 9 a.m. Everything is done around the pigs’ schedule. “Why wake them up?” Carol says. “Sean used to be out there at 7 or 8, but the pigs wouldn’t even be moving.”
Raising pigs this new way that’s really the old way seems like a subversive action, but it only seems subversive because of the spun narrative. In truth, it’s a return to so many of the basic tenets that contribute to the noble image of farming: a thoughtfulness and concern for the quality of the product, but also for the land and the animals. “Happy pig, happy plate,” Carol says. “It lived. We cared for it. We know that they had a good life, and we’re eating a cleaner, healthier product from an animal that had one bad day, only one bad day. Actually, just one bad minute. The rest of its life was outside, on the grass, in the fresh air and sun.”
Carol’s words remind me of a discussion with Misty Langdon, who raised pastured pigs on Our Green Acre Farm until an unexpected injury sidelined her hog growing for a while. Misty was a pioneer in the resurgence of pasture-pig farming in Arkansas, raising Large Black hogs. It sounds generic, but that’s the breed’s official name. Misty caught flack from her Newton County neighbors because, at the time, no one else was doing it that way.
“Everybody said, ‘You can’t do that.’ And I said, ‘Why can’t I? That’s how everyone used to raise them.’ And they said, ‘That was then. Now, this is how you raise a pig.’ I said, ‘Why?’” Many of the arguments dissolved when Misty took some pork to church. “People would say, ‘Wow, that’s the best pork I’ve ever eaten in my life.’ And I was like, that’s what sunshine will do. Those pigs are infused with grass and sunshine and spring water.”
The Bansleys, too, have worked hard to educate consumers who’ve been pummeled with a marketing message promoting pork products that look and taste much different than pork is supposed to look and taste. “When Pork Checkoff [the marketing arm of the National Pork Board] came out with the ‘other white meat’ campaign, it was simply propaganda,” Carol says. “Pork isn’t supposed to be white.” Thanks to the low-fat craze that took hold in the ’80s, pigs were engineered to produce a product built to spec for U.S. Department of Agriculture nutritional health models. Pork you’ll find in the grocery store today has 27 percent less saturated fat compared to pork of the early ’90s. The industrial pig is a leaner animal with almost no intramuscular fat. The animal fits into nearly the same slot occupied by skinless chicken as a low-fat source of protein, hence the clever alias “other white meat.” In culinary tradition, large mammal meat has never been designated as “white.”
“Our pigs have fat on them,” Carol says. “The meat is red; it’s not pale. It’s got marbling; it’s got flavor. People are afraid of it at first.” Sean pulls some pork chops from their freezer, and they look nothing like you’ll find in the meat cooler at your local grocer. The chops are a soft burgundy, laced with white fat. “So you have to teach people that it’s good,” Carol says.
Taste is only one indicator of a better product. Nutrient value is another. Just the notion of fat on a cut of meat sends many folks into a tizzy. But not all fat is created the same. While the Bansleys’ pigs are fed non-GMO feed from a mill, they also feast on seasonal grasses and mast, which change the composition of cholesterols and omega acids into something much different and much better for you than what their industrial-farm cousins offer on the plate.
The Bansleys sell to restaurants and several health-food stores in northwest Arkansas, along with a few individuals. And the couple is trying to supply a growing demand. “Bellies and pork loins, we can’t keep up with it,” Carol says. “The Hive in Bentonville is taking about eight pork loins a week.” Starting with one sow, the Bansleys are now up to 18 sows and three boars. “Our first year, we sold about 20 pigs,” Sean says. “This year, we’re going to sell about 350.”
Pasture-pig farmers like the Bansleys must transport their pigs themselves to a USDA-certified processor. There are about 60 of these processors in Arkansas, but nearly all are a division of some giant food company that owns its own animals from genetics to the supermarket. And while these companies might cater to the small-scale farmer, they’re expensive. The loss of smaller, independent USDA processors—once a linchpin of rural economies—is directly attributable to the growth of industrial agriculture. Despite the claims of efficiency and consumer demand, it’s the main reason behind industrial agriculture’s surge over the past 30 years. This level of integration allowed corporations to lose money in growing pigs while covering that loss in another area. It’s like owning the entire board in a game of Monopoly. Sending a pig to market for the pasture-pig farmers I visited with is nothing like my experience as a producer. Everyone I spoke to had stringent guidelines for humaneness — how pigs were handled, for instance, and how much time was allowed to unload pigs. Gentle handling brings a high quality of pork to the packer, and according to Misty, using the wrong butcher (Animal Welfare Certified is preferred) can ruin months of thoughtful care. “I’m not going to grow out a pig for 14 months to let some kid unload a pig with a Hot Shot and the last five minutes of that pig’s life to be filled with terror,” Misty says. “That’s part of quality control. It’s not an, ‘Oh my baby, I love you,’ kind of thing. It’s about the quality of the meat, but it’s also about being humane.”
The story that’s bringing industrial pork to every Arkansan’s attention is the industrialized operation built near Big Creek, a tributary of the Buffalo River, in 2013. C&H Farms, ironically, is co-owned by some of my distant kin, Richard and Phillip Campbell. I’ve met only Richard, and him just one time. It was at a February 2015 ADEQ public meeting in Jasper. And even my claiming blood ties could not convince Richard to let me turn the recorder on. During our conversation, Richard seemed genuinely perplexed about opposition to his facility. His concerns were that outsiders to Newton County were attempting to turn the county into a wilderness and were oblivious to the residents trying to make a living in one of the poorest regions of Arkansas.
The anxiety in Richard’s voice and on his face pulled at my empathy. I understood the weight of carrying tremendous debt on a precarious business. While my debt load was about one-tenth of his, and I wasn’t under the constant scrutiny that 2.7 million gallons of pig manure spread on thin soils will bring, I’d been there. By all accounts, Richard and Philip and co-owner Jason Henson are good people, exemplary caretakers of their facility and the waste it generates. Every ADEQ inspection has proven that C&H is doing it right. The problem is that “what’s right” has narrow parameters, and the threat to the watershed is poorly understood. The danger isn’t in a waste-pond breach and pig shit floating down Big Creek. It’s something more insidious and specific to this region. The Ozark Mountains are karst topography, formed as water-soluble minerals such as limestone, dolomite and gypsum were eroded away, leaving ridges, hollows, caves and sinkholes. It’s what makes the Ozarks the Ozarks. But it also means that any liquid applied to the soil funnels into groundwater and eventually into creeks.
The best visual demonstration of karst dynamics in the region happened in April 2014, when the Arkansas Pollution Control and Ecology Commission injected dyed water into a well near C&H. Little more than a day later, the colored water showed up in Big Creek. The water flowed under the Buffalo and appeared on the other side. It flowed upstream into another tributary and even traveled under a ridge and into another watershed. Once inside the underground aquatic labyrinths of the Ozarks, there’s no telling where pollutants might show up. It’s not a matter of if excess nutrients will end up in the river, only when.
Nutrient overload is already causing algal blooms in portions of the Buffalo, powerful evidence that a delicate system is out of balance. It’s a smoking gun, but even with C&H upstream, no one is sure who pulled the trigger. Jessie Jean-Green, executive director of White River Waterkeepers, has been keeping an eye on the science. “Data [show] that groundwater nitrate levels monitored from a well on the farm [C&H] have been steadily increasing since monitoring began in 2014,” she says. The data also show that concentrations of nitrates are significantly higher in Big Creek downstream of the farm, compared to upstream, and that dissolved oxygen levels are lower, likely due to algal blooms.
Still, a linear connection to pig manure hasn’t been proven. “There is no definitive ‘yes’ that C&H is responsible,” Jessie says. But excess nutrients inflicting incremental damage over time is the concern. If it continues, 20 years from now the river will be unrecognizable.
I walked out of that 2015 ADEQ meeting with members of the Buffalo River Watershed Alliance, an organization formed by a handful of Newton County residents for the express purpose of opposing C&H or any other animal-confinement facility in the watershed. And something struck me as odd amid all the small talk and chatter: a distinct lack of southern mountain accents. Could part of the unbridgeable gap in the C&H debate be cultural, like so many other divides in our nation? As we stood talking in the winter night, I asked for a show of hands from the 15 or so Watershed Alliance members of how many moved to Newton County in the ’70s. Every hand went up, including that of the alliance’s president, Gordon Watkins.
Gordon is a semiretired organic blueberry farmer who works and lives on land west of Parthenon in Newton County. His biggest concern regarding C&H is the threat to Newton County’s only real industry: tourism. C&H contracts with JBS, the Brazilian conglomerate that is the world’s largest meat company. Together, they pay only about $11,000 a year in property taxes to Newton County. By way of comparison, Gordon points to his one rental cabin, a property for which he says he pays about $2,000 in taxes each year. “The Buffalo National River tourism report says the river supports 911 jobs and over $79 million in cumulative benefits through all the counties it runs through,” Gordon says. “This one operation is risking this irreplaceable economic stream in one of the poorest counties in the state.” When you understand the risk and see numbers that put that risk into perspective, it’s hard to understand why anyone in Newton County would support an industrial farm in their community. But then you factor in that cultural divide.
The split is largely between generations-old Newton County residents and those back-to-the-landers who moved here in the ’70s. The back-to-the-landers sought a homestead life in the Ozarks that was a rejection of the worship of consumerism and technology that were beginning to define American society. Industrialized farming is an embodiment of the dark abstractions they’ve always opposed. It isn’t just differing opinions on models of agriculture that separates the long-time residents from the more recent arrivals. The divide encompasses religion—many back-to-the-landers are Buddhist, atheist, progressive Christian or something less-well-defined, versus fundamentalist Protestantism—and, of course, politics. Even now, five decades later, they are still considered outsiders by many. It’s classic tribalism, an “us versus them” dynamic.
Ozark culture still has strong remnants of Scots-Irish attitudes: a general distrust of outsiders, and a strong predilection to not meddle in other’s business. So it was an easier sell for C&H supporters to portray anyone opposed to the farm as an extremist who was against all farming and even the economic development of Newton County. The fight has opened a deep wound in a community that had long managed to keep its differences safely beneath a veneer of harmony. I was advised to keep my mouth shut when C&H was being built, and I don’t even live in Newton County. Opponents with blood ties similar to mine have largely avoided going on the record with their concerns. Gordon told me he and C&H partner Jason Henson don’t speak now, though they once had a cordial relationship. The tension in that February 2015 ADEQ meeting was palpable. Even eye contact between opposing sides was rare. Seventy years ago, pigs brought communities together at county fairs, in the local markets and with deep rural ties strengthened at annual butcherings. Today, pigs are driving communities apart.
“Can I ask you this before we start?” says Jerry Masters, after we shake hands for the first time in many years. He’s still at the helm of the Arkansas Pork Producers Association, and after four emails from me—three of which went unanswered—he has finally agreed to talk on the record. His body language reminds me of Richard Campbell at that Jasper ADEQ meeting. “You’re calling it industrial pork, but basically we’re looking at contract farms, and that model has been here in Arkansas, probably was started in Arkansas through poultry production years and years ago,” he says. “The pork model has done nothing but follow the poultry model. I’m in no way wanting to pick on my friends in the poultry industry. I’m just giving you facts.” Only a couple minutes in and contention is already thick in the air. I tell Jerry that this story is really an indictment of all industrial animal agriculture, but that because my experience is with hogs, they are the best vehicle for me to tell the story. Jerry remains hung up on the terminology. He says calling it “industrial farming” is misleading—that’s it’s simply contract farming, no different than any other contract employment. It’s the evolution of the industry under the direction of the meatpackers, he says.
In an effort to move the conversation forward, I tell him I agree. But the packers are owned by corporations, I say. JBS, Smithfield, Tyson and the rest flooded the market with pork and drove the price down below the cost of production, forcing small producers out of business. Jerry’s rebuttal leaves me stunned. “It’s no different than the Walmart approach,” says Jerry. “My gosh, we used to have every little story downtown. And when Walmart came in, downtowns have shrunk haven’t they?” Using the Walmart model to defend an industry you claim is good for rural economies and rural folks is bizarre, and I say so. “I’m not saying it’s good,” Jerry says. “I’m just saying that’s the approach that’s happened.” I ask him if he’s now saying that industrial farming is bad. “Is it bad? No, it’s not bad,” Jerry says. “It’s the way we’ve evolved to feed the world.”
Feeding the world sounds noble, but it’s not accurate. Our pork isn’t shipped as nourishment aid to impoverished people. Globally, meat is available only to people of a certain affluence. As citizens of countries became wealthier, food corporations saw an opportunity to make a lot of money while leaving the mess— those externalities—behind in rural America. It’s a story as old as our country. I tell Jerry this arrangement isn’t working for anyone except the packers and the integrators. What about everyone else? Jerry doesn’t answer this question. Instead, he steers the conversation toward the debt incurred by contract growers, that they’re raising their families (as we all are), that their children come back and farm (a dubious claim as the number of farmers dwindles across the country, even as the number of pigs being raised continues to grow).
The remaining eight minutes of the interview sink even further. Jerry says I’m living in a bubble. I ask if it’s a bubble of global awareness? Concern for rural communities? Jerry just says it’s a bubble. But conversation breaks down completely when I ask Jerry if he realizes that portraying anyone opposed to C&H as an environmental extremist has created a rift in Newton County.
“They are,” says Jerry. “They’ve got nothing to base their facts on. Show me one place that C&H hog farm has polluted the creek.”
So I offer to show Jerry data about the algal blooms and lowered oxygen levels. I offer to show him the dye test and video about karst topography. But Jerry says he’s done and gets up from the table. I wanted to ask Jerry if the citizens of Hartman, Arkansas, were environmental extremists. At a recent town meeting they had expressed overwhelming opposition to another proposed C&H operation that would be built outside their town. I wanted to ask him if 84-year-old Richard Plugge, a former board member of the state Farm Bureau and a longtime row-crop farmer, was an extremist for standing up in that town meeting and railing against the idea of an industrial hog operation being built on a floodplain in his community.
But Jerry is gone.
The dim halo of orange surrounding ashen briquettes tells me the coals are just about there as I grind coarse black pepper and sprinkle sea salt on two fat-marbled red chops. The cost might be prohibitive to a lot of folks—it’s $10 per pound—but cheap meat isn’t really cheap. Remember those externalized costs: environmental damage; the loss of rural economies and of nutrient value; the corporate consolidation of our food sources. We all pay for the luxury of $3-per-pound pork in other ways, even if it’s not at the cash register.
This is a problem we as a society will have to confront in the name of sustainability, a healthy environment and public health. Americans spend less on food, as a percentage of their incomes, than any country in the world. Cheap food has become part of our identity, even as it extracts value from our lives in the form of poor health and from our wallets in the form of healthcare costs and pollution mitigation. Are we willing to pay more now for benefits down the road?
I tuck a piece of soaked hickory bark into the coals and put the lid back on the grill, waiting for a waft of spicy smoke from the vent. It comes only moments later, and the thick-cut chops hit hot stainless steel with a hiss. They’re done in only a few minutes. There’s a lightness to the meat, a freshness, an almost creamy texture. Frankly, if you’ve never eaten pork from a pasture-raised pig, then you’ve never really eaten pork.
And it came to my plate with minimal impact on the environment and a positive impact on a rural Arkansas community and its economy. It came from an animal that lived in the fresh air and sunshine, rooting in soft brown earth and wallowing in gray mud. An animal that lived as a pig should live, and died a quiet, respectful death. I know how this pig lived. I know how this pig died. I can taste all of it in the meat. I know where this pork chop came from.
It was a good place.
Lead image: A hog catches rays after breakfast on the farm of Sean and Carol Bansley. “Happy pig, happy plate,” Carol says of the pigs they raise and how they taste. “It lived. We cared for it. We know that they had a good life, and we’re eating a cleaner, healthier product from an animal that had one bad day, only one bad day. Actually, just one bad minute. The rest of its life was outside, on the grass, in the fresh air and sun.”